REVOULUTION VOCAB 1.revolution – activity designed to overthrow a government; great change 2. nationalism – the belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation rather than to a king or empire 3. FirstEstate – the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church, who owned 10% of the land in France 4. Second Estate – the rich nobles, who owned 20% of the land 5. Third Estate – 98% of the people; bourgeoisie (merchants and artisans), workers and peasants 6. Reign of Terror - 1793 to 1794 when Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed 7. Jacobin-member of a group of extremists that allowed Robespierre, the leader of the group, to begin the Reign of Terror. 8. Napoleonic Code - the comprehensive and uniform system of laws established for France by Napoleon 9. creole – in Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Latin America to Spanish parents 10. mestizo – people of mixed European and native American ancestry 11. mulatto – people of mixed European and African ancestry 12. Peninsulares– people born in Spain that moved to the Americas
7-2 VOCAB Absolute monarchy A ruler with total power
Unlimited government A government with no limits and the ruler does not have to follow the law Constitutional monarchy The king’s power is limited by a constitution
Limited government A government whose power is restricted by laws or a constitution
Divine Rights The belief that the power to rule came directly from God
Constitution A plan of government
Restoration Returning the royal family back to the throne in England
Modernization To bring a country up to date with technology and philosophies
Westernization to influence with ideas, customs, practices of western Europe and the US
William and Mary Signed the Bill of Rights starting the Glorious Revolution
Peter the Great Helped westernize and modernize Russia
Elizabeth I Defeated the Spanish armada, England’s last absolute monarch
Ivan IV “the Terrible” helped unify Russia, killed over 6,000
Louis XIV “The Sun King”-strongest abs. monarch in France, fought a war against the Netherlands
Heliocentric Theory The theory that the earth revolves around the sun
Geocentric Theory The theory that the sun revolves around the earth
Enlightenment A period in the 1600s-1700s that used reason to make life better
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Civic virtue- duty as a citizens; the government’s role is to protect the people
John Locke Natural rights-“life, liberty, property”, Social contract-if the govt. does not hold up their end of the bargain you can overthrow them
Baron de Montesquieu Checks and balances, separation of powers
COLD WAR WORDS
1. NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization -a group of democratic countries led by the US , who will protect each other if attacked 2. Warsaw Pact - a communist alliance led by the USSR 3. EEC - European Economic Community - countries in Europe that work together in government and money 4. Containment/Truman Doctrine - a Truman's foreign policy, in which the US tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances 5. Zionism- creating a Jewish homeland in Palestine 6. Balfour Declaration- statement that says Britain supports Israel 7. Passive Resistance- nonviolent protests 8. Apartheid- keep blacks and whites separate in South Africa 9. Domino Theory- if one Asian country becomes communist then a chain reaction would follow 10. Perestroika- fixing the USSR economy 11. Glasnost- openness, individual rights in the USSR
WWI WORDS
1. Militarism –a policy of glorifying military power & keeping a standing army always prepared for war 2. Conscription – forced to join the army 3. Armistice – an agreement to stop fighting 4. Alliance- agreements between peoples or countries 5. Allied Powers –in World War I, the nations of Britain, France and Russia along with other nations which fought on their side 6. Central Powers –in WWI, the nations of Germany and Austria-Hungary along with other nations which fought on their side 7.Neutral – not aligned with or supporting a side in a war 8.Trench –a ditch banked with its own soil and used for concealment and protection in war 9. Autocrat – a ruler with unlimited power who uses it in a random manner 10. Soviet –one of the local representative councils formed in Russia after the downfall of Czar Nicholas II
GREAT DEPRESSION WORDS
1.Inflation – a rapid increase in the cost of goods and services as wages and salaries remain the same 2. Depression – a period of rising unemployment and low economic activity 3.Reparations – compensation in money, material, labor, etc., payable by a defeated country to another country or to an individual for loss suffered during or as a result of war 4.Credit/On Margin –The ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment based on the trust that payments will be made in the future 5. Black Tuesday – symbolic term given to the stock market crash that occurred on Tuesday, October29th, 1929 6.Hoovervilles – shelters made of scrap metal, wood, and other materials that homeless families lived in during the Great Depression; named for President Hoover 7.New Deal – the domestic program of the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration, esp. during the period from 1933 to 1941 8.Alphabet Soup Agencies – government agencies created by the New Deal to help America recover from the Great Depression